Comparison of the efficiency of A–PAGE and SDS–PAGE, ISSRs and RAPDs in resolving genetic relationships among Triticum and Aegilops species

Species that belong to the genus Triticum L. and the genetically related Aegilops L. genus are important genetic and economic resources because they have an evolutionary relationship with the two main agricultural crops T. aestivum (bread wheat) and T. durum (durum wheat). Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic relationships among the cultivated wheat species and their wild relatives. The latter have a great role in the improvement of cultivated wheat. Molecular markers are the best choice and most reliable means to study these relationships accurately. In this study, we compared the efficiency of the biochemical methods A–PAGE and SDS–PAGE on seed storage proteins and the molecular methods RAPDs and ISSRs to explore the genetic relationships among seven species of Triticum and 20 Aegilops species. Three phylogenetic trees obtained in this study were compared with available classifications and phylogenetic trees constructed earlier for these species. It was noted that the tree based on ISSRs data was the most congruent with those classification and trees. This may be attributed to the fact that ISSRs is more specific, and therefore more reliable. This study is the first to study genetic relationships among all species studied here using biochemical and molecular techniques.